Purim

Purim in the United Kingdom: A Celebration of Courage and Community

Purim stands as one of the most vibrant, boisterous, and joyous festivals in the Jewish calendar. In the United Kingdom, where Jewish life has flourished for centuries, Purim is a time when the solemnity often associated with religious observance is cast aside in favour of carnival-like atmosphere, theatrical performances, and an outpouring of communal generosity. It is a holiday that speaks to the resilience of the spirit, commemorating a narrow escape from genocide in ancient Persia through a narrative filled with palace intrigue, hidden identities, and a dramatic reversal of fortune.

For the British Jewish community—ranging from the historic congregations of London’s Bevis Marks to the thriving hubs in Manchester, Gateshead, Leeds, and Glasgow—Purim is a highlight of the year. It is a day where the "stiff upper lip" is replaced by the "Purim Spiel" (comedic plays), and where the quiet dignity of the synagogue is transformed by the sound of "graggers" (noisemakers) drowning out the name of a villain. It is a festival that bridges the gap between the ancient world and modern life, reminding observers that even in the darkest times, hope and bravery can change the course of history.

What makes Purim truly special is its unique blend of religious obligation and unbridled merriment. Unlike the High Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah or Yom Kippur, which are marked by introspection and prayer, Purim is outward-facing. It demands that we eat, drink, and be merry, but it also insists that we look after the vulnerable members of our society. In a UK context, this often manifests as vibrant street scenes in neighbourhoods like Stamford Hill or Golders Green, where children in elaborate costumes go door-to-door delivering gift baskets, creating a sense of shared joy that spills out from the home and into the wider community.

When is Purim in 2026?

The timing of Purim is determined by the Hebrew calendar, falling on the 14th day of the month of Adar. Because the Jewish calendar is lunisolar, the date fluctuates annually on the Gregorian calendar used in the United Kingdom.

In 2026, Purim will be observed on Tuesday, March 3, 2026.

The festivities actually begin at sundown on the preceding evening, Monday, March 2, as Jewish days traditionally start at dusk. This means the primary celebrations, synagogue readings, and festive meals will take place throughout the day on Tuesday.

Currently, there are 59 days remaining until the celebrations begin.

Purim is a variable date holiday. While it always occurs in late winter or early spring, its position on the UK calendar changes every year. In "leap years" on the Hebrew calendar, an extra month (Adar II) is added to keep the lunar months aligned with the solar seasons, and Purim is celebrated during this second Adar to ensure it remains close to the spring.

The History and Origins of the Festival

The story of Purim is documented in the Megillat Esther (The Scroll of Esther), which forms part of the Ketuvim (Writings) in the Hebrew Bible. The events are set in the 4th century BCE within the vast Persian Empire, which at the time stretched from India to Ethiopia.

The Plot of Haman

The narrative begins with King Ahasuerus (often identified as Xerxes I) holding a massive banquet. After a falling out with his first wife, Vashti, the King seeks a new queen. A young Jewish woman named Esther, who keeps her religious identity secret on the advice of her cousin and guardian Mordecai, is chosen for the throne.

The antagonist of the story is Haman, the King’s arrogant prime minister. Haman demands that all bow before him, but Mordecai refuses to do so, citing his religious devotion to God alone. Infuriated by this perceived slight, Haman decides not only to punish Mordecai but to exterminate the entire Jewish population of the empire. He casts "lots" (known as purim in Akkadian/Hebrew) to determine the most "auspicious" date for this massacre: the 13th of Adar.

The Bravery of Esther

Upon learning of the decree, Mordecai implores Esther to intercede with the King. This was a life-threatening request; entering the King’s inner court without being summoned could result in execution. Esther famously replies that she will go, saying, "If I perish, I perish." After fasting for three days, she invites the King and Haman to a series of banquets.

During the second banquet, Esther reveals her identity as a Jew and exposes Haman’s plot to kill her and her people. The King, enraged that his queen was targeted, orders Haman to be hanged on the very gallows Haman had built for Mordecai.

The Deliverance

While the King could not rescind a royal decree once issued, he gave the Jews the right to arm and defend themselves. On the 13th of Adar, the day intended for their destruction, the Jewish people were victorious over those who sought to harm them. The following day, the 14th of Adar, became a day of rest and celebration. In the capital city of Shushan, the fighting continued for an extra day, leading to the tradition of "Shushan Purim" on the 15th of Adar, which is still celebrated today in Jerusalem and other ancient walled cities.

How People Celebrate in the United Kingdom

Purim in the UK is a multifaceted event that combines ancient liturgy with contemporary British culture. While the core religious requirements remain the same, the way they are expressed often reflects the local environment.

Synagogue Services and the Megillah

The first port of call for most observers is the synagogue. The Scroll of Esther is read twice: once on the eve of Purim and once on the day itself. In British synagogues—whether United Synagogue (Orthodox), Reform, Liberal, or Masorti—this is not a quiet affair. Every time the name of "Haman" is mentioned during the reading, the congregation breaks into a cacophony of noise. Children (and adults) shake wooden or metal "graggers," boo, hiss, and stamp their feet to symbolically "blot out" the memory of the villain.

Fancy Dress and Costumes

One of the most visible aspects of Purim in the UK is the tradition of wearing costumes. This custom is said to represent the "hidden" nature of the Purim miracle—how God’s hand was hidden behind seemingly natural events, and how Esther hid her identity. In Jewish neighbourhoods such as Prestwich in Manchester or Borehamwood in Hertfordshire, you will see superheroes, historical figures, and biblical characters walking the streets. Many synagogues and community centres host "Purim Spiels," which are satirical plays or musical parodies that poke fun at community leaders, current events, and the Purim story itself.

The Purim Seudah (Festive Meal)

In the afternoon of Tuesday, families and friends gather for a lavish feast known as the Seudah. This is a time of intense merriment. Unlike other Jewish holidays where the meal is preceded by long prayers, the Purim meal is meant to be informal and joyous. In the UK, this might include traditional Ashkenazi dishes or Sephardic delicacies, reflecting the diverse origins of the British Jewish population. There is a traditional (though debated) dictum that one should drink "until they cannot tell the difference between 'Cursed be Haman' and 'Blessed be Mordecai,'" leading to a lively, celebratory atmosphere.

Traditions and Customs

Beyond the noise and the costumes, Purim is built upon four specific mitzvot (commandments) that every individual is encouraged to perform.

1. Mikra Megillah (Listening to the Scroll)

As mentioned, hearing the story is the central obligation. In the UK, many synagogues offer "sensory-friendly" readings for those who might find the loud noise of the graggers overwhelming, ensuring that the holiday is inclusive for all members of the community.

2. Mishloach Manot (Sending Gifts of Food)

Purim is a time for strengthening communal bonds. Every person is expected to send a gift containing at least two different types of ready-to-eat food (for example, a drink and a pastry) to at least one friend. In the UK, this has evolved into an elaborate exchange of beautifully decorated baskets. Local kosher bakeries in London and Manchester see queues out the door as people stock up on treats to share with neighbours.

3. Matanot La'Evyonim (Gifts to the Poor)

Charity is a fundamental pillar of Purim. Each person must give a gift of money or food to at least two people in need. The goal is to ensure that everyone, regardless of their financial situation, has the means to enjoy a festive meal. Many British Jewish charities, such as Kisharon, Norwood, or Camp Simcha, run special Purim appeals, and it is common to see volunteers collecting for various causes throughout the day.

4. The Purim Feast (Seudah)

The meal is the final "must-do" of the day. It usually begins in the late afternoon and can continue well into the evening. It is a time for singing traditional songs (Nigunim) and sharing words of Torah related to the holiday.

Traditional Foods: The Hamantaschen

No UK Purim is complete without Hamantaschen (Haman's pockets). These are triangular shortcrust pastries typically filled with poppy seeds, jam, chocolate, or fruit preserves. The three-cornered shape is said to represent Haman’s hat or his ears. In recent years, British bakers have become increasingly creative, offering savoury versions or fillings inspired by classic British desserts like lemon curd or banoffee.

Practical Information for the UK

If you are living in or visiting the United Kingdom during Purim, there are several things to keep in mind regarding the local atmosphere and logistics.

Community Hubs

The largest celebrations occur in areas with significant Jewish populations. In London, this includes Barnet (Golders Green, Hendon, Edgware), Hackney (Stamford Hill), and Redbridge. Outside of London, the Salford and Prestwich areas of Manchester become a hive of activity. If you are driving through these areas on March 3, 2026, be prepared for increased pedestrian traffic and a festival-like atmosphere on the pavements.

Kosher Establishments

Kosher delis, bakeries, and supermarkets will be exceptionally busy in the days leading up to Purim. If you are planning to purchase Hamantaschen or ingredients for Mishloach Manot, it is wise to do so well in advance. Many restaurants may also have special menus or adjusted opening hours to accommodate communal feasts.

Security

The Community Security Trust (CST), which looks after the safety of the Jewish community in the UK, usually increases its presence and provides guidance during major holidays. Because Purim involves many people being out on the streets in costume and visiting various homes, there is a heightened emphasis on community safety and vigilance.

Is Purim a Public Holiday in the UK?

It is important to note that Purim is not a public holiday (bank holiday) in the United Kingdom.

Business and School Openings

Schools: State schools and non-Jewish private schools operate as normal. However, Jewish faith schools across the UK will either be closed for the day or will have a shortened timetable dedicated to Purim celebrations and festivities. Businesses: Most businesses, offices, and shops remain open. Jewish-owned businesses may close or close early to allow staff to celebrate with their families.

• Public Transport: Trains, buses, and the London Underground operate on their standard weekday schedules.

Work and Observations

Under UK employment law, there is no automatic right to time off for religious festivals, but many employers are accommodating of "Annual Leave" requests for religious observance. While Purim does not have the same "Melacha" (restrictions on work) as the Sabbath or Passover, it is traditionally considered disrespectful to conduct business as usual. Most observant Jews will take the day off to fulfil the commandments of reading the Megillah, delivering gifts, and attending the festive meal.

If you are an employer in the UK with Jewish staff, you may find that many request March 3, 2026 as a day of leave. Similarly, if you have Jewish clients or partners, it is worth noting that they may be unavailable for meetings or delayed in responding to emails during this period of celebration.

Summary of Purim 2026

Purim is a testament to the enduring nature of faith and the power of community. In the United Kingdom, it provides a colourful and joyous break from the late winter gloom. Whether it is through the shouting of "Boo!" at Haman’s name in a historic synagogue, the sharing of a box of Hamantaschen with a neighbour, or the act of giving to those less fortunate, Purim embodies a spirit of "V’nahafoch Hu"—the idea that everything can be turned upside down for the better.

As we approach March 3, 2026, the Jewish community across the British Isles prepares to once again tell the story of Queen Esther and Mordecai, ensuring that the lessons of courage and the warmth of communal celebration continue to thrive in 2026 and beyond.